因内容丰富，无法一一列举，我们主要介绍的是真题分析部分。
你可以从左边的列表中选择感兴趣的科目查看其真题分析范例。
CASE1
文章选择题
【考试真题】
2007年 第2篇
Questions 10-17. Read the following passage carefully before you choose your answers.
The following passage is from an essay by a 19th century British writer.
1 With Imagination in the popular sense, command
of imagery and metaphorical expression, Bentham*
was, to a certain degree, endowed. For want, indeed,
of poetical culture, the images with which his fancy
5 supplied him were seldom beautiful, but they were
quaint and humorous, or bold, forcible, and intense:
passages might be quoted from him both of playful
irony, and of declamatory eloquence, seldom surpassed
in the writings of philosophers. The Imagination which
10 he had not, was that to which the name is generally
appropriated by the best writers of the present day;
that which enables us, by a voluntary effort, to con-
ceive the absent as if it were present, the imaginary as
if it were real, and to clothe it in the feelings which, if
15 it were indeed real, it would bring along with it. This
is the power by which one human being enters into
the mind and circumstances of another. This power
constitutes the poet, in so far as he does anything but
melodiously utter his own actual feelings. It constitutes
20 the dramatist entirely. It is one of the constituents of
the historian; by it we understand other times; by it
Guizot interprets to us the middle ages; Nisard, in his
beautiful Studies on the later Latin poets, places us in
the Rome of the Caesars; Michelet disengages the
25 distinctive characters of the different races and gen-
erations of mankind from the facts of their history.
Without it nobody knows even his own nature, further
than circumstances have actually tried it and called it
out; nor the nature of his fellow-creatures, beyond
30 such generalizations as he may have been enabled to
make from his observation of their outward conduct.
By these limits, accordingly, Bentham's knowledge
of human nature is bounded. It is wholly empirical
and the empiricism of one who has had little experi-
35 ence. He had neither internal experience nor external;
the quiet, even tenor of his life, and his healthiness of
mind, conspired to exclude him from both. He never
knew prosperity and adversity, passion nor satiety:
he never had even the experiences which sickness gives:
40 he lived from childhood to the age of eighty-five in
boyish health. He knew no dejection, no heaviness of
heart. He never felt life a sore and a weary burthen.
He was a boy to the last. Self-consciousness, that
dremon of the men of genius of our time, from
45 Wordsworth to Byron, from Goethe to Chateaubriand,
and to which this age owes so much both of its cheerful
and its mournful wisdom, never was awakened in
him. How much of human nature slumbered in him
he knew not, neither can we know. He had never been
50 made alive to the unseen influences which were acting
on himself, nor consequently on his fellow-creatures.
Other ages and other nations were a blank to him for
purposes of instruction. He measured them but by one
standard; their knowledge of facts, and their capability
55 to take correct views of utility, and merge all other
objects in it. His own lot was cast in a generation of
the leanest and barrenest men whom England had yet
produced, and he was an old man when a better race
came in with the present century. He saw accordingly
60 in man little but what the vulgarest eye can see;
recognised no diversities of character but such as he
who runs may read. Knowing so little of human
feelings, he knew still less of the influences by which
those feelings are formed; all the more subtle workings
65 both of the mind upon itself, and of external things
upon the mind escaped him; and no one, probably,
who, in a highly instructed age, ever attempted to
give a rule to all human conduct, set out with a more
limited conception either of the agencies by which
70 human conduct is, or of those by which it should be,
influenced.
*Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was an English philosopher and the founder of Utilitarianism, the theory that the aim of action should be the greatest happiness
of the greatest number.
10. Which of the following rhetorical devices is used in lines 35-38 (“He had neither... satiety”)?
(A) Antithesis
(B) Oxymoron
(C) Euphemism
(D) Personification
(E) Apostrophe11. In lines 35-48 (“He had neither ... in him”),the author suggests that Bentham
(A) writes without a clear purpose
(B) has a fear of human aberration
(C) cannot understand strong human feelings
(D) does not value information based on observation
(E) has little respect for others'opinions
12. In the context of lines 43-48, “Self-consciousness” means
(A) awkwardness
(B) caution
(C) shame
(D) idealism
(E) introspection
13.The author most likely includes the clause "He saw accordingly in man little but what the vulgarest eye can see”(lines 59-60) in order to
(A) convey the limitation of Bentham’s perception
(B) illustrate Bentham’s preoccupation with base and coarse actions
(C) suggest that Bentham could see nothing good in others
(D) imply that Bentham had no sympathy for others' misfortunes
(E) suggest that Bentham understood the common people best
14. The author's attitude toward Bentham's abilities as a writer might be best described as
(A) dismissive because of the narrowness of Bentham’ s experience and understanding
(B) jealous because of Bentham's undeserved success and happiness
(C) undecided because of the paucity of information about Bentham’s life
(D) disapproving because of the uniformly serious tone of Bentham’s prose
(E) appreciative because of the accuracy of Bentham’s observations
15. The author characterizes Bentham primarily as an individual who
(A) has been wrongly ignored
(B) lacks poetic insight
(C) is too uncompromising
(D) has a childlike sense of fantasy
(E) has a highly idiosyncratic style
16. The area of experience of which Bentham is said to be most ignorant is the
(A) intellectual
(B) practical
(C) emotional
(D) analytical
(E) moral
17. The passage as a whole is best characterized as
(A) a personal reminiscence
(B) a treatise on style
(C) a critical evaluation
(D) an ironic .attack
(E) a factual report
【中文翻译】
第10-17题，作答前请仔细阅读文章。
下列文章摘录于某19世纪英国作家的作品。
提到广义上的想象，边沁是具备构思和想象表达能力的。不过，因为缺乏诗人的视角，他构思出的意象一般都不太有美感。但是，它们却都很大胆直接，强劲有力，给人以震撼。有的也诙谐幽默，不失为经典。他笔下的文字或嬉笑怒骂，或慷慨激昂，哲学家中很少能够找出同他并驾齐驱的。至于那些他力所不能及的方面，当今最优秀的作家们却都挥洒自如，为自己所用。那些意象使我们不自觉地认为不存在的想象已经变为现实。而且，如果这一切都已成为现实，也都归功于自于他所创作的那些意象。
这源于一个人对他人的思维和想法产生影响时所迸发出的力量。这种力量正是诗人灵感的来源；时至今日，诗人们仍在以抒发个人的真情实感为己任。这也是塑造戏剧家的力量和历史学家前进的动力，凭其我们能够洞悉历史上的其他时代。通过这种力量，基佐向我们诠释了中世纪的是是非非；得益于此，尼萨对晚期拉丁诗人进行了细致的研究，使我们仿佛回到了凯撒时期的罗马。米什莱以史实为据，对不同民族的不同特征进行分类。没有这种力量，一个人不可能了解自身的本质，更不可能搞清楚这种力量的来源；他也不可能看透他人的本质，也不可能在对外部世界现象观察的基础上做出相应的归类和总结。
考虑到上述局限，边沁对于人类本质的见解也相应地受到束缚。他的观念可以说是纯经验主义的；但是，颇具讽刺意味的是，这些经验主义的论调却出自于一个完全没有任何经验的人那里：边沁波澜不惊的一生，健全的心智，使他既无丰富敏感的内心体验，又不可能从外部世界那里获得相应的经验。可以说，他从未体验逆境与顺境，也不知激情与满足为何物，沮丧和沉重也总是躲得他老远。他甚至都没有同疾病打交道过：从出生到85岁离开人世，这一路都风调雨顺，没有疾病的困扰。自我意识，这个我们当今时代天才们的头号敌人，无论是华兹华斯，拜伦，歌德还是夏多布里昂；同时也正是这个时代亏欠那些或激进或保守派知识分子的地方。可在他这里，我们却找不到它的影踪。究竟还有多少关于人类本质的思考还蛰伏在他那里，他说不清道不明，我们更无从知晓。他对于那些对他自己，以及对众人造成影响的无形力量，都表现得无动于衷。于传授知识上讲，其他的时代和国家于他是一片空白。衡量它们的时候，他只奉行唯一标准：了解事实与否，能否正确地看待功用，以及吸取融合其他客体的能力。他的命运同英格兰当时最有学识的人紧密相连，不过要指出的是，这些最有学识的人同时也是最单调沉闷的那一群人。但是随着历史的浪潮不断向前推进，新人新思想不断涌现，他逐渐被抛在了后面。他用最世俗的眼光来看人，除了人有一个鼻子两张嘴这种基本事实，看不到其他个体差异。由于对人类的情感知之甚少，便更没有必要跟他提这些情感产生的来源。至于细微的情感怎样作用于自身，外部世界又是怎样影响情感和思维的，他一概不知。
*杰里米·边沁（1784-1832），英国哲学家，功利主义创始人。他提出任何行动都应该以最多数人的最大幸福为目标。
10. “他从未体验逆境与顺境，也不知激情与满足为何物”这句话采用了什么修辞手法？
(A) 对偶
(B) 夸张
(C) 委婉语
(D) 拟人
(E) 呼告
11. 从“他既无丰富敏感的内心体验”到“究竟还有多少关于人类本质的思考还蛰伏在他那里，他说不清道不明，我们更无从知晓。”作者暗示边沁：
(A) 怀抱清晰的目标来写作
(B) 恐惧人类越轨
(C) 不能够了解强烈的人类情感
(D) 不重视基于观察得来的信息
(E) 不尊重他人的观点
12. “自我意识”指的是？
(A) 尴尬
(B) 警惕
(C) 耻辱
(D) 理想主义
(E) 内省
13. “他用最世俗的眼光来看人”这句话表明了什么？
(A) 边沁观点的局限性
(B) 边沁沉醉于基本的，粗俗的行为
(C) 边沁看不到别人身上的优点
(D) 边沁对他人的不幸没有同情心
(E) 边沁最了解普通人
14. 以下哪点最好地反映了作者对边沁写作能力的看法？
(A) 否定态度，因为边沁经验和理解上的局限性
(B) 嫉妒，因为边沁不应得的成功和幸福
(C) 犹豫不决，因为缺乏边沁生平信息
(D) 不支持，因为边沁文体严谨统一
(E) 欣赏，因为边沁观察的正确性
15. 作者首先认为边沁作为一个人来讲，是什么样的？
(A) 被错误地忽略了
(B) 缺乏诗人的洞察力
(C) 不会妥协
(D) 孩童似的天真，不切实际的幻想
(E) 非常与众不同，独一无二
16. 边沁最没有重视的领域是 ？
(A) 智力
(B) 实际
(C) 情感
(D) 分析
(E) 道德
17. 这篇文章应该是？
(A) 个人回忆
(B) 散文
(C) 批判性评论
(D) 戏谑的攻击
(E) 事实报告
【解题思路】
正确答案：
10. （A）
英文原文是He had neither internal experience nor external; He never knew prosperity and adversity, passion nor satiety.句子中用到了两对意义相反的词语，结构对称，用来加强语气。因此，这句话的用的是对偶Antithesis的修辞手法。
对偶：指的是两个字数相等、结构相似的语句表现相关或相反的意思或用两个对称语句加强语言效果 。
呼告：在行文中直呼文中的人或物的一种修辞方式。也就是对本来不在面前的人或物直接呼唤，并且跟他说话。一般可把它分为呼人、呼物两种形式。运用呼告，可以抒发强烈的思想感情，加强感染力，并引起读者强烈的感情共鸣。
11. （C）
作者开头的那句“他既无丰富敏感的内心体验”已经表明该题目的答案是（C）。
12. （E）
英文self-consciousness的近义词应该是introspection，意为内省。
13. （A）
作者用“最世俗”来形容边沁对看人的观点，世俗这里代表着凡人的观点，引申为不全面的观点，可见他对边沁观点是持批判态度的。
14. （A）
综合全文考虑，作者认为边沁缺乏内外经验，写作上也必然有其局限性。
15. （B）
综合全文考虑并且从文章第3-4行可以得到答案。
16. （C）
答案见文章第35-42行。作者批判边沁缺乏内心体验和外部经验，而这些恰恰是作用于人类情感的力量。
17. （C）
通读全文不难发现这篇文章属于论说文，而且带有强烈的批判色彩。
